BIO
Born on 4 July 1892 in Stojańce (Stoyantsi), near Lwów (today's Lviv, Ukraine); son of the clerk Józef Krzyżanowski, and the teacher Maria, née Dębowska. He spent his childhood in Bukowsko (Subcarpathian region). From 1903 to 1905, he attended grammar school in Rzeszow, before moving to the Imperial and Royal Male Grammar School in Sanok in 1906, completing his advanced secondary education there with distinction. He was a member of the National Youth Organization (OMN), which operated in Sanok under the auspices of the Znicz (Torch) Association of Polish Youth. He joined the paramilitary Armia Polska, organizing alongside other activists involved in Zarzewie, an independence organization that had splintered off from OMN, before founding the Hetman Stanisław Żółkiewski training unit in November 1909. He was a leader of the Hetman Stanisław Żółkiewski Ex ossibus ultor Scout Troop. He was also involved in his grammar school's Przyszłość (Future) PET Union of Polish Youth circle. In 1910/11, he chaired the Literary and Artistic Circle based at the school library. He studied Polish philology at the Jagiellonian University (UJ) in Krakow from 1911 to 1914. He made his debut in 1913 with a review of Roman Pollak's study Poezje Kochowskiego a «Goffred» Tassa-Kochanowskiego *(Kochowski's poetry and Tasso-Kochanowski's "Goffred"), which appeared in the journal "Pamiętnik Literacki", where he continued to publish essays and reviews in subsequent years. At the outbreak of World War I, he was in the Kyiv region, where he was spending the summer holidays. As an Austrian citizen, he was interned by the Tsarist authorities and sent to Kurgan in Siberia, where he worked for a brief period at a bank and then at a trade enterprise. In 1918, he reached Buguruslan on the Bolshoy Kinel Rivere in the Orenburg oblast, where he joined the Fifth Division of the Polish Army. In March 1920, he married Emilia née Sobieszczańska (Roszkowska after her first husband). They subsequently divorced. He returned to Poland in July 1920 together with the Fifth Division of the Polish Infantry aboard the SS Yaroslavl. He and his battalion were commandeered that year to supervise the plebiscite being held in the Warmia and Mazury region. They were stationed at the Grupa estate near Grudziądz. He commuted to Warsaw, where he worked at the Ministry of Military Affairs as an official in the Fifth Division Liquidation Commission. In 1921, he asked to be discharged from the military and settled in Lublin, where he worked at the Trade School (from 1928: the A and J Vetter Boys' Grammar School). That year, he was awarded a doctorate from UJ for his dissertation «Goffred» Tassa-Kochanowskiego w romantyzmie polskim (Tasso-Kochanowski's "Goffred" in the context of Polish Romanticism), which was supervised by Prof. Stanisław Windakiewicz. Likewise in 1921, he founded the Bolesław Prus Lublin Literary Circle and joined the Adam Mickiewicz Literary Society, serving as secretary of the Lublin Branch until 1927. He collaborated with the Society of Friends of Science in Lublin. Between 1923 and 1927, he served as director of the Wacława Arciszowa Private Girls' Grammar School in Lublin, where he also taught Polish literature and language. During the 1925/26 academic year, he was appointed acting professor for the history of Polish literature at the Catholic University of Lublin (KUL). He was awarded a habilitation degree in 1926 from UJ for his study Romans pseudohistoryczny w Polsce wieku XVI (Pseudohistorical romance stories in sixteenth-century Poland). In his research, he focused on the history of Polish literature, folklore studies and editing. He established a school of folklore studies. He left for London in 1927, working as a lecturer in the history of Polish literature at School of Slavonic Studies, King's College, University of London. He used the opportunity to conduct research in libraries for his comparative research. During this period, he was responsible for editing the Polish section of the journal "The Slavonic Review" (which in 1928 was renamed "The Slavonic and East European Review"). His articles, reviews, short essays and studies appeared in periodicals including "Przegląd Współczesny" (1926-30, 1933-35, and 1937; including in 1928 the regular column Z poloniców angielskich [From English (sic) Polish collections], and from 1930 the column Polonica angielskie [English (sic) Polish collections]), "Wiadomości Literackie" (1928, 1932, and 1936-39), "Rocznik Literacki" (including from 1932 to 1935 the regular column Badania nad literaturą [Literary studies], and then 1937-38 Historia literatury [Literary history]), and "Kurier Literacko-Naukowy" (1933-34 and 1938). Starting in the 1930/31 academic year to do May 1934, he was professor of Slavonic literature at the University of Latvia (Latvijas Universitāte) in Riga. He conducted research in folklore studies during this period. He was made a corresponding member of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences (PAU) in 1933. He married Irena née Kurowska (Strzembosz after her first husband). She died in 1947. He returned to Poland that year after being nominated for the post of associate professor at the Chair of the History of Polish Literature at the University of Warsaw (UW). He also joined the Warsaw Scientific Society (TNW). He was awarded the Lublin scientific prize in 1934. He served as president of the Warsaw Branch of the Adam Mickiewicz Literary Society between 1934 and 1939. During this period he edited Biblioteka Zapomnianych Poetów i Prozaików Polskich XVI-XVIII w. (Library of Forgotten Polish Poets and Prose Writers of the Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries). In 1935, he received the Silver Laurel of the Polish Academy of Literature (PAL) in recognition of his efforts to promote Polish literature among émigrés. He served on the jury of the State Literary Prize in 1936. That year he was appointed curator of the Gabriel Korbut Philology Office at TNW following the death of its patron. Krzyżanowski served in this role until 1953. He was appointed full professor in 1937. In 1937/38, he was a member of the editorial committee of the journal "Scena Polska". He was awarded the Golden Laurel of the Polish Academy of Literature in 1938 in recognition of his outstanding academic achievement. From 1938 to 1945, he was secretary of the First Section of TNW. He remained in Warsaw during the German occupation of the city. From 1941/42, he was director of the underground Polish philology programme at UW. He was also involved in the conspiratorial activities of TNW and the Adam Mickiewicz Literary Society. He remained active as a researcher, initially working on Polish fairly tales and then later on the unpublished Słownik terminów literackich (Dictionary of literary terminology), as well as on the books Nauką o literaturze (Literary studies) and Historią literatury polskiej (A history of Polish literature). He was injured during the 1944 Warsaw Uprising. He made his way from the camp in Pruszków to Milanówek, before leaving for Krakow, where he joined the underground programme at UJ. Following the liberation of Krakow after the German occupation, he lecturer at the Faculty of Polish Philology at UJ. He returned to Warsaw in November 1945, where he sought to revive the Seminar in Literary History at UW, serving as its head until 1948. He was subsequently appointed researcher at the Chair of Polish Literature. Also in 1945, he founded the quarterly "Nauka i Sztuka", serving as its editor until 1948, while also publishing literary essays there. Between 1946 and 1949, he was secretary general of TNW, while from 1946 until his death he was president of the Adam Mickiewicz Literary Society. He was editor of "Pamiętnik Literacki" between 1946 and 1950. He was also editor of the Wiedza Powszechna publishing house's literary series. He was elected a member of the Wroclaw Scientific Society in 1948. The same year, he married the Polish studies scholar Zofia Maria Świdwińska, who died in a car accident in 1968. He became an active member of the Philology Section of PAU in 1949. In postwar years, he was highly active as an editor, working on the collected works of Eliza Orzeszkowa, Henryk Sienkiewicz, Juliusz Słowacki, Jan Kochanowski, Józef Ignacy Kraszewski, and Oskar Kolberg; he also served on the editorial committee of the National Edition and Jubilee Edition of Adam Mickiewicz's collected works, Dzieła. He was awarded the prize of the 1st Section of TNW in 1951. The following year, he became a corresponding member of the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) and of the Scientific Council of the Institute of Literary Research (IBL) at PAN, chairing it between 1969 and 1971. In 1953, he was contracted to run the folklore section of IBL, while in 1954 he created the Department of Folk Literature there, of which he was director until 1962, then acting director to 1964, and consultant until 1970. He was made a full member of PAN in 1955. He was a member of the Society of Friends of Reading until 1957. The same year, he became co-editor alongside Stanisław Świrko of the periodical "Literatura Ludowa". In 1957/58, he was in the USA, where he lectured in the history of Polish literature and culture at Columbia University in New York. He collaborated with the literary yearbook "Rocznik Literacki" (in the 1955-56 and 1961 editions, he was responsible for the section Inedita. Nowe opracowania. Wznowienia [Inedita. New editions. Reprints], while in the editions from 1958-60 and 1962-74 he edited the sections Literatura staropolska [Old Polish Literature] and Literatura ludowa [Folk Literature]). From 1960, he served on the editorial committee of the IBL publication series Historia i Teoria Literatury (Literary History and Theory). He chaired the Committee of Polish Literature Studies at PAN (KNoL PAN) between 1960 and 1965 and again from 1969 to 1971. He retired from IBL and UW in 1962 but remained active as a researcher. He was made an honorary member of the Adam Mickiewicz Literary Society in 1963. That year, he received the prize of the Minister of Higher Education and in 1964 was awarded an honorary doctorate from UJ. In 1964, he was among the writers and intellectuals who signed the Letter of 34 in defence of free speech, while in April he put his name to a joint letter by ten signatories that was sent to the British daily "The Times" that protested against the criticism faced by the Polish authorities regarding this issue. In July that year, he was awarded the State Prize, 1st class. He was made an honorary member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Belgrade in 1965. He chaired the PAN Committee on Slavonic Studies between 1965 and 1968. From 1969 to 1974, he was deputy chair of the Polish Committee of Slavonic Studies Scholars at PAN. In 1970, he received the prize of the New York-based A. Jurzykowski Foundation, while in 1973 he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Wroclaw (UWr). He was a member of the Polish Folklore Studies Association and the International Congress of Slavists. He was awarded the Order of the Banner of Labour – 1st class in 1956, the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta in 1974, the PAN Nicolaus Copernicus Medal in 1975, the Medal of the Commission of National Education in 1975, the Latvian Order of the Three Stars with Commander's Cross, and the Czech Josef Dobrovský Honorary Medal awarded by the Charles University in Prague in 1965. He died on 19 May 1976 in Warsaw, where he is buried in the Avenue of the Distinguished at the city's Powązki Cemetery. In 1984, he was posthumously awarded the Z. Gloger prize. He had two children from his first marriage: a son, the Polish studies scholar and professor of US universities Jerzy Roman (1922-2017), and a daughter, the medical doctor Teresa (b. 1928; first married name: Rogozińska; second married name: Dziedzińska); from his second marriage, he had a son, the economist Julian (b. 1950).
Twórczość
1. Polish romantic literature. London: G. Allen & Unwin ltd. [1930], 317 s. Wyd. nast.: New York : E.P. Dutton and Company [1931]; Freeport, New York: Books for Libraries Press 1968.
2. Romans pseudohistoryczny w Polsce wieku XVI. Kraków: drukarnia L. Anczyc 1926, 186 s.
3. Wespazjan Kochowski. Szkic literacki. Kraków: drukarnia L. Anczyc 1926, XCII s.
4. Pieśniarz krainy kęp i wiecznej nędzy. Rzecz o Władysławie Orkanie. Zakopane: Wydawnictwo Muzeum Tatrzańskiego im. T. Chałubińskiego 1927, 72 s.
5. Byliny. Studium z dziejów rosyjskiej epiki ludowej. Wilno: Instytut Naukowo-Badawczy Europy Wschodniej 1934, 161 s.
6. Romans polski wieku XVI. Lublin: Wyd. z zasiłku Funduszu Kultury Narodowej 1934, 283 s. Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk w Lublinie. Wyd. nast. z indeksami M. Bokszczanin: Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy 1962.
7. Paralele. Studia porównawcze z pogranicza literatury i folkloru. Warszawa: Towarzystwo Literackie im. A. Mickiewicza i Biblioteka Polska 1935, 236 s. Wyd. nast.: Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy 1961, 587 s.; wyd. 2 [!] rozszerzone Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe 1977, 974 s.
Zawartość
8. Władysław St. Reymont. Twórca i dzieło. Lwów: Wydawnictwo Ossolineum 1937, 212 s.
Nagrody
9. Od średniowiecza do baroku. Studia naukowo-literackie. Warszawa: Rój 1938, 376 s.
Zawartość
10. Podania i baśni śląskie. Katowice: Wydawnictwo Instytutu Śląskiego 1938, 27 s. Przedruk zob. poz. ↑ (t. 2).
11. Z pracy ducha. Podręcznik do nauki języka polskiego. [Współautor:] J. Saloni. Lwów: Wydawnictwo Ossolineum. 1938-1939.
Dla II klasy gimnazjum ogólnokształcącego. 1938, 355 s.
Dla IV klasy gimnazjum ogólnokształcącego. 1939, 510 s.
12. Historia literatury polskiej. T. 1-2. 1939-1941.
T. 1. Warszawa: M. Arct 1939, VIII, 480 s. Wyd. nast.: z podtytułem Od Średniowiecza do XIX w. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy 1953, 611 s., tamże z podtytułem Alegoryzm – preromantyzm: wyd. 2 1964, wyd. 3 1966, wyd. 4 1966, wyd. 5 1974, wyd. 6 1979, wyd. 7 1986.
T. 2. Powst. Warszawa 1941.
13. Słownik terminów literackich. Powst. Warszawa 1941-1944.
14. Początki poezji w Polsce. [Warszawa:] Czytelnik 1946, 32 s.
15. U kolebki naszej literatury. [Warszawa:] Czytelnik 1946, 24 s.
Zawartość
16. Jan Kochanowski i humanizm w Polsce. [Warszawa:] Czytelnik 1947, 56 s.
17. Mikołaj Rej i rodzima kultura literacka jego czasów. Z wypisami. [Warszawa:] Czytelnik 1947, 50 s.
18. Polska bajka ludowa w układzie systematycznym. [T.1]. Bajka zwierzęca-[T. 2]. Baśń magiczna. Warszawa: Towarzystwo Naukowe Warszawskie, Instytut Literatury Ludowej 1947, 90 + 218 s. Wyd. 2 rozszerzone T. 1 (Wątki 1-999)-2 (Wątki 1000-8256). Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Ossolineum 1962, 1963, 313 + 322 s. IBL PAN.
19. Adam Mickiewicz 1798-1948. Przewodnik po wystawie jubileuszowej. Oprac.: J. Krzyżanowski. Warszawa: Ogólnopolski Komitet Obchodu 150-lecia Urodzin Adama Mickiewicza 1949, 47 s.
20. Dzieła Sienkiewicza. Bibliografia. Oprac.: J. Krzyżanowski. (H. Sienkiewicz: Dzieła. Wyd. zbiorowe. T. 58). Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy 1953, 280 s. Por. Prace edytorskie poz. ↑.
21. Dzieła Sienkiewicza w przekładach. Bibliografia. Oprac.: J. Krzyżanowski i L. Kukulski. (H. Sienkiewicz: Dzieła. Wyd. zbiorowe. T. 59). Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy 1953, 252 s. Por. Prace edytorskie poz. ↑.
22. Poeta żywy. Rzecz o Janie Kochanowskim. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy 1953, 41 s. Przedruk zob. poz. ↑.
23. Jan Kochanowski – poeta humanista. [Warszawa:] Towarzystwo Wiedzy Powszechnej 1954, 28 s., powielone. Wyd. nast.: Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna 1955.
24. Kalendarz życia i twórczości Henryka Sienkiewicza. (H. Sienkiewicz: Dzieła. Wyd. zbiorowe. T. 57). Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy 1954, 484 s. Wyd. nast. tamże: wyd. 2 rozszerzone 1956, 355 s., wyd. 3 poszerzone. Uzupełnienie i oprac.: M. Bokszczanin 2012, 599 s. Por. Prace edytorskie poz. ↑.
25. Mikołaja Reja „Krótka rozprawa” na tle swoich czasów. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy 1954, 196 s. Przedruk zob. poz. ↑, ↑.
26. Piśmiennictwo o Henryku Sienkiewiczu. Materiały bibliograficzne. Oprac.: J. Krzyżanowski przy współudziale Z. Daszkowskiego. (H. Sienkiewicz: Dzieła. Wyd. zbiorowe. T. 60). Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy 1955, 468 s. Por. Prace edytorskie poz. ↑.
27. Mądrej głowie dość dwie słowie. Trzy centurie przysłów polskich. Indeksy: E. Stankiewicz. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy 1958, 658 s. Wyd. nast. tamże: wyd. 2 t. 1-2 1960, 609 + 526 s., wyd. 3 poszerzone t. 1-3 1975, 345 + 341 + 359 s., wyd. 4 z podtytułem Pięć centuryj przysłów polskich i diabelskich tuzin z hakiem. T. 1-2. 1994, 451 + 469 s.
Zawartość
28. W wieku Reja i Stańczyka. Szkice z dziejów Odrodzenia w Polsce. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe 1958, 405 s.
Zawartość
29. W świecie romantycznym. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie 1961, 370 s.
Zawartość
30. W kręgu wielkich realistów. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie 1962, 397 s.
Zawartość
31. Neoromantyzm polski. (1890-1918). Bibliografię oprac.: T. Brzozowska. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Ossolineum 1963, 444 s. Wyd. nast. tamże: wyd. 2. Bibliografię oprac.: T. Brzozowska i M. Bokszczanin. 1971, wyd. 3 1980.
32. Henryka Sienkiewicza żywot i sprawy. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy 1966, 283 s. Wyd. nast. tamże: wyd. 2 1968, wyd. 3 1973, wyd. 4 1981.
33. Nauka o literaturze. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Ossolineum 1966, 475 s. PAN. Wydział Nauk Społecznych. Wyd. nast. tamże: wyd. 2 uzupełnione 1969, wyd. 3 1984.
Zawartość
34. Dzieje literatury polskiej. Od początków do czasów najnowszych. Bibliografię oraz indeks oprac.: Z. Świdwińska-Krzyżanowska. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe 1969, 680 s. Wyd. nast. tamże: wyd. 1 [dodruk; właśc. wyd. 2] 1970, wyd. 2 [!] 1972, wyd. 3 1979, wyd. 4 1982, wyd. 5 1985, wyd. 6 1986.
Przekłady
angielski
bułgarski
35. Twórczość Henryka Sienkiewicza. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy 1970, 437 s. Wyd. nast. tamże: wyd. 2 1973, wyd. 3 1976.
36. Henryk Sienkiewicz. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe 1972, 125 s. Wyd. 3 [!] tamże 1986.
37. Sztuka słowa. Rzecz o zjawiskach literackich. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Artystyczne i Filmowe 1972, 296 s. Wyd. nast. tamże: wyd. 2 1972, wyd. 3 1984.
Zawartość
38. Bajki wam niosę, posłuchajcie dzieci... Warszawa: Wyższa Szkoła Pedagogiczna w Krakowie 1973, 7 s., powielone. Przedruk zob. poz. ↑ (t. 2).
39. Pokłosie Sienkiewiczowskie. Szkice literackie. Indeks: M. Bokszczanin. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy 1973, 751 s.
Zawartość
40. Sienkiewicz a Warszawa. [Szkice]. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy 1975, 81 s. [Wyd. 2] Warszawa: Typografika 2000.
Zawartość
41. Szkice folklorystyczne. Oprac. tekstu, przypisy oraz przygotowanie indeksu: M. Bokszczanin. Konsultacja oraz dobór ilustracji: H. Kapełuś. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie 1980.
T. 1. Z teorii i dziejów folkloru, 447 s.
Zawartość
T. 2. W kręgu pieśni i w krainie bajki, 399 s.
Zawartość
T. 3. Wokół legendy i zagadki. Z zagadnień przysłowioznawstwa, 448 s.
Zawartość
42. W świecie bajki ludowej. Przedsłowie, red. i dobór ilustracji: H. Kapełuś. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy 1980, 263 s.
Zawartość
43. Poeta czarnoleski. Studia literackie. Wybrały i oprac.: M. Bokszczanin i H. Kapełuś. Wstęp: T. Ulewicz. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy 1984, 347 s.
Zawartość
44. Tradycje literackie polszczyzny. Od Galla do Staffa. Wstęp: Z. Libera. Oprac.: M. Bokszczanin. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe 1992, 784 s.
Zawartość
45. Na polach elizejskich literatury polskiej. Portrety i wspomnienia. Wybór i oprac.: M. Bokszczanin. Przedmowa: Z. Libera. Warszawa: TLAM [Towarzystwo Literackie im. A. Mickiewicza] 1997, 525 s.
Zawartość
Artykuły w czasopismach i książkach zbiorowych, m.in.
Przekłady tekstów w antologiach zagranicznych
bułgarski
Prace edytorskie i redakcyjne
Tomy w opracowaniu J. Krzyżanowskiego: T. 1. Liryki i inne wiersze. Oprac.: J. Krzyżanowski. Wstęp.: K. Wyka, XII, 342 s.
T. 2. Król-Duch. Oprac.: J. Krzyżanowski, 570 s.
Przekłady
bułgarski
niemiecki
T. 1. Red.: J.Z. Jakubowski. Oprac.: J. Krzyżanowski, Z. Libera, E. Warzenica, 467 s.
T. 3. Oprac.: J. Kulczycka-Saloni, S. Frybes przy współpracy J. Detki, T. Garnysz, H. Ładyki i Cz. Maciejewskiej. Red.: J. Krzyżanowski, 571 s.
Tomy w opracowaniu J. Krzyżanowskiego:.
T. 1. Liryki i powieści poetyckie. Oprac. oraz wstęp: J. Krzyżanowski, LXV, 422 s.
T. 2. Poematy. Oprac.: J. Krzyżanowski, 495 s. [Wyd. 7] Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Ossolineum 1999.
Omówienia i recenzje
• Ankieta dla IBL PAN 1951.
